Chopangira Margarine cha Tubular Pasteurizer

I. N’chifukwa chiyani chotsukira mabakiteriya chokhala ndi chubu chofunikira popanga margarine?

Zinthu zopangira margarine zimaphatikizapo mafuta oyeretsedwa a masamba, madzi, zinthu zopangira mkaka (monga ufa wa mkaka, ufa wa whey), zinthu zopangira emulsifiers, mchere, mavitamini, ndi zokometsera. Zinthu zopangira izi, makamaka gawo la madzi ndi zinthu zopangira mkaka, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga mabakiteriya, yisiti, ndi nkhungu). Ngati sizikuphikidwa bwino, mankhwalawa adzawonongeka pakapita nthawi yochepa ndipo angayambitse mavuto okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya.

Ntchito yaikulu ya chotsukira mabakiteriya chopangidwa ndi chubu ndi kupha bwino mabakiteriya omwe amawononga zinthu zomwe zili mumadzimadzi asanayambe kusakaniza ndi kupanga zinthuzo, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zimakhala zotetezeka komanso kuti zizikhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungiramo zinthuzo.

II. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya chotsukira matubula mu mzere wopanga margarine

Chotsukira mpweya chodziwika bwino chimaphatikizidwa pambuyo pa dongosolo la emulsification komanso chisanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi makina oziziritsira mofulumira (Votator kapena Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger). Njira yake yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi:

1. Kutentha ndi kusinthasintha:

o Chosakaniza cha mafuta ndi madzi chomwe chasakanizidwa kale komanso chopangidwa ndi emulsified (chomwe tsopano chakhala emulsion) chimapopedwa koyamba mu dongosolo la pasteurization.

Zinthuzo zimadutsa mu gawo lotenthetsera, komwe kutentha kumakwezedwa kufika pa kutentha koyenera kuti zigwirizane (nthawi zambiri 60-70°C).

Pambuyo pake, zinthu zotentha kwambiri zimalowa mu valavu yolumikizira mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri ndipo zimasweka pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu (monga, 150-200 bar), ndikupanga ma globules amafuta ang'onoang'ono komanso ofanana ndi madontho amadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba komanso zokhazikika.

2. Gawo lokonza kuti pasteurization ichitike:

o Zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa zimalowa mu gawo lotenthetsera la chotenthetsera cha chubu. Apa, zinthuzo zimadutsa m'machubu ozungulira ozunguliridwa ndi nthunzi kapena madzi otentha amphamvu, ndipo kutentha kumakwezedwa mofulumira kufika pa kutentha komwe kwakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.

o Njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito pasteurization:

 Kutentha: 85°C - 95°C (kusinthidwa malinga ndi fomula ndi zofunikira pa njira; mafomula ena akhoza kukhala okwera).

 Nthawi: imasungidwa kwa masekondi 15 - 30. "Nthawi yogwirira" iyi imapezeka popanga kutalika kwa "chubu chogwirira" mupayipi.

Njira iyi ya "high-temperature short-time (HTST)" imatha kupha mabakiteriya onse opatsirana komanso owononga kwambiri pomwe ikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa kukoma, mtundu, ndi zakudya za chinthucho.

3. Gawo loziziritsira:

o Pambuyo popasteurize, zinthuzo ziyenera kuziziritsidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisatenthe kwambiri komanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisamamerenso.

o Zinthuzo zimalowa mu gawo loziziritsira ndipo zimasinthasintha kutentha ndi sing'anga yozizira (nthawi zambiri madzi oundana), zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha mofulumira kufika pa kutentha kofunikira pazochitika zina (nthawi zambiri 40°C - 50°C) kuti zilowe mu makina oziziritsira mofulumira kuti zipangitse kuti zikhale zofewa.

4. Makina obwezeretsa kutentha (ngati mukufuna koma ogwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri):

o Zipangizo zamakono zoyeretsera ma tube nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi makina obwezeretsa kutentha.

Zinthu zozizira zomwe zimalowa mu gawo lotenthetsera ndi zinthu zotentha zomwe zimatuluka mu gawo lopaka mafuta zimasinthidwa kutentha mu chosinthira kutentha chapadera.

Ubwino:

 Kusunga mphamvu: Zinthu zotentha zimaziziritsidwa kale, ndipo zinthu zozizira zimatenthedwa kale, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nthunzi ndi madzi ozizira.

 Chitetezo cha zinthu: Chimapewa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuzizira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zozizira ndi makoma otentha kwambiri.

III. Ubwino wa chotsukira ma tubes kuposa njira zina zotsukira ma tubes

1. Kupanga kosalekeza: Poyerekeza ndi ma kettle ophikira pasteurization, chophikira pasteurizer chopangidwa ndi machubu chimatha kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi njira zomwe zachitika kale komanso zotsatirazi, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga kosalekeza komanso kodzipangira zokha komanso kogwira mtima kwambiri. 2. Ubwino wazinthu: Njira ya HTST imasunga kukoma ndi michere ya zinthu zopangira, kupewa kukoma kophikidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kutentha: Chifukwa cha njira yobwezeretsa kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhale zabwino kwambiri.

4. Malo ocheperako: Kapangidwe kakang'ono, kosavuta kuphatikiza mu mizere yopangira yomwe ilipo.

5. Kapangidwe kaukhondo: Kopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kokwaniritsa miyezo ya ukhondo ya 3-A, kopanda ngodya zaukhondo, komanso kosavuta kuchita CIP (kuyeretsa mkati) ndi SIP (kuyeretsa mkati).

IV. Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira Pogwiritsira Ntchito

1. Kuwongolera molondola magawo a ndondomeko: Kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika. Ngakhale kusinthasintha pang'ono kungakhudze zotsatira za kuyeretsa (F value) kapena kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu (monga kusuntha kwa mapuloteni).

2. Vuto la kuipitsidwa: Mapuloteni omwe ali muzinthuzi amakonda kusungunuka pa makoma a chubu kutentha kwambiri. Kuyeretsa CIP nthawi zonse (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira za alkaline ndi acidic zomwe zimayendera) ndikofunikira; apo ayi, izi zidzakhudza momwe kutentha kumayendera bwino komanso ukhondo wa zinthuzo.

3. Kusamalira valavu yolumikizirana: Vavu yolumikizirana ndi chinthu cholondola chomwe chimatha kusweka chikagwira ntchito pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuwunika ndi kusintha nthawi zonse kumafunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti valavu yolumikizirana imagwira ntchito bwino.

4. Kugwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala (makamaka mapuloteni ndi mafuta) imakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za kutentha, ndipo kutentha ndi nthawi yoyeretsera ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino.

5. Kupewa kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri: Zinthu zoyeretsera ziyenera kutumizidwa ku njira yotsatira pamalo otsekedwa komanso opanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutayikira kulikonse pa gawo lililonse kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyeretsera isakhale yophweka.

Chidule

Chotsukira chotulutsira mabakiteriya ndi "chitetezo" chofunikira kwambiri popanga margarine wamakono. Kudzera mu njira yopitilira yotsukira mabakiteriya ya nthawi yochepa (HTST), imapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda bwino komanso imayesa bwino ubale pakati pa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi mtundu wa zinthu. Makhalidwe ake a ntchito yabwino kwambiri, kusunga mphamvu ndi zochita zokha zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri chowonetsetsa kuti zinthu za margarine zikukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba komanso chitetezo.