Kodi njira yoziziritsira ya ammonia ndi chiyani?

Kodi njira yoziziritsira ya ammonia ndi chiyani?

Dongosolo loziziritsira la ammonia ndi dongosolo loziziritsira la mafakitale lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito ammonia (NH₃) ngati refrigerant. Limagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti ammonia imayamwa kutentha kwakukulu panthawi ya nthunzi kuti iziziritse ntchito zopangira mafakitale zomwe zimafuna kutentha kochepa (monga kuzizira chakudya, kuziziritsa, kupanga mankhwala, malo ochitira masewera a ayezi, ndi zina zotero).

Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba, chuma chake komanso kuti siziwononga ozone layer (ODP = 0), ammonia ndiye refrigerant yomwe imakondedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi m'mabizinesi akuluakulu.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito yaikulu (kayendedwe ka kuzizira kokhala ndi gawo limodzi)

Kugwira ntchito kwa njira yoziziritsira ya ammonia kumatsatira njira yoziziritsira ya nthunzi, yomwe makamaka imakhala ndi njira zinayi:

Kupsinjika: Mpweya wa ammonia pa kutentha kochepa komanso kupsinjika kochepa umakokedwa ndi compressor ndikukakamizidwa, ndikusanduka nthunzi yotentha kwambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Kuzizira: Mpweya wa ammonia pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu umalowa mu condenser, komwe umaziziritsidwa ndi madzi ozizira kapena mpweya, kutulutsa kutentha ndi kuzizira kukhala madzi a ammonia othamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwabwinobwino.

Kutulutsa mpweya: Madzi a ammonia othamanga kwambiri amadutsa mu valavu yotulutsa mpweya (monga valavu yokulitsa mpweya), ndipo kupanikizika kumatsika kwambiri. Madzi ena amatuluka mpweya, n’kusanduka chisakanizo cha nthunzi ndi madzi otentha pang’ono komanso otsika.

Kutuluka kwa nthunzi: Ammonia yotsika kutentha imalowa mu evaporator (monga fan yozizira kapena heat exchanger), imayamwa kutentha kuchokera pamalo ozizira (malo ozizira osungira), ndipo imatuluka kwathunthu kukhala nthunzi yotsika kutentha komanso yotsika mphamvu. Nthunzi iyi imabwereranso ndi compressor ndikumaliza kuzungulira.

Kufanizira kosavuta: Monga momwe thupi la munthu limachitira thukuta kuti lizizire, thukuta (ammonia solution) likauma, limayamwa kutentha kuchokera pakhungu (gawo lozizira), zomwe zimapangitsa khungu kumva lozizira.

Zigawo Zazikulu

Kompresa: "Mtima" wa makina. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi monga pistoni, screw, ndi centrifugal. Ma screw compressor ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina amakono apakatikati ndi akuluakulu chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwawo bwino komanso kusintha mphamvu zawo.

Kondensa: "Chosinthira kutentha" cha dongosololi. Chimachotsa kutentha kuchokera ku mpweya wa ammonia wopanikizika. Chimagawidwa m'mitundu yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi (yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, imafuna nsanja yozizira) ndi mtundu woziziritsira wotuluka madzi (wosunga madzi, wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri).

Chipangizo cholumikizira mpweya: monga valavu yokulitsa mpweya, valavu yoyandama. Chimalamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi a ammonia omwe amalowa mu evaporator.

Chotenthetsera mpweya: "Mapeto ozizira otulutsa mpweya" a dongosololi. Ammonia ikayikidwa pamalo ozizira osungiramo zinthu kapena malo okonzera mpweya, imaphwanyika ndi kuyamwa kutentha mkati mwake. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi monga zoziziritsira mpweya (zokhala ndi mphamvu yokakamiza) ndi mapaipi a coil (okhala ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe yotulutsa mpweya).

Thanki yosungiramo madzi: Imasunga madzi a ammonia atatha kusungunuka, ndikusunga kuchuluka ndi kufunikira kwa makinawo.

Cholekanitsa mafuta ndi chosonkhanitsira mafuta: Patulani ndi kubwezeretsa mafuta odzola omwe amapangidwa ndi utsi wa compressor, kuonetsetsa kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito bwino.

Cholekanitsa mpweya ndi madzi: Chimateteza compressor mwa kuletsa madzi a ammonia osaphwanyika kulowa ndikuyambitsa "kukhudzidwa ndi madzi".

Dongosolo Lowongolera: "Ubongo" wa machitidwe amakono. Umaphatikizapo ma PLC, masensa, ma actuator, ndi zina zotero, ndipo uli ndi udindo wokwaniritsa kulamulira kodziyimira pawokha, kuteteza chitetezo, ndi kulamulira mphamvu.

Mitundu yayikulu ya machitidwe

Dongosolo lokulitsa mwachindunji: Ammonia imasanduka nthunzi mwachindunji mu evaporator kuti izizire. Ili ndi mphamvu kwambiri, koma imafuna kutseka mapaipi mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwachepa.

Njira yozizira yosalunjika:

Madzi a Amonia/saline: Choyamba, Amonia imaziziritsa madzi amchere (monga calcium chloride solution), kenako madzi amchere otsika kutentha amatumizidwa ku malo aliwonse ozizira ndi pampu. Mtunda wotetezeka ndi wautali, koma mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi yochepa.

Dongosolo la Ammonia/Carbon Dioxide Cascade: Njira Yodziwika Kwambiri ndi Yodziwika Bwino. Ammonia imagwira ntchito pa siteji yotentha kwambiri, kufinya carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide imagwira ntchito pa siteji yotentha yochepa kuti isungunuke kuti izizire. Kuphatikiza mphamvu yayikulu ya ammonia ndi chitetezo cha carbon dioxide (yosakhala poizoni pa kutentha kochepa komanso kuthamanga pang'ono), ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zomera zazikulu zoziziritsira ndi zozizira.

Dongosolo loperekera madzi okoka: Limapereka madzi ku evaporator pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yosasinthasintha ya mzere wamadzi. Ndi lokhazikika komanso lodalirika, koma limafuna jakisoni wambiri wa ammonia, ndipo limapezeka kwambiri m'makina akale.

Dongosolo loperekera madzi pampu: Pampu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi a ammonia otsika mphamvu kupita ku evaporator. Ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zosinthira kutentha komanso madzi ofanana, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kuwonetsa ubwino wake

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kusunga mphamvu: Mtengo wobisika wa ammonia ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo umadya magetsi ochepa pa unit iliyonse ya mphamvu yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhale zochepa.

Kuteteza chilengedwe: ODP = 0, GWP = 0 (Kutentha kwa Padziko Lonse), ndi firiji yachilengedwe yosawononga chilengedwe.

Zachuma: Mtengo wotsika, wosavuta kupeza.

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri potumiza kutentha: Kusinthasintha kutentha kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo.

Kuzindikira mosavuta kutuluka kwa madzi: Kuli ndi fungo lamphamvu lamphamvu, ndipo ngakhale kutuluka pang'ono kwa madzi kumatha kudziwika.

Mavuto ndi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pa chitetezo (zofunika kwambiri!)

Ammonia ndi poizoni (Kalasi 2) ndipo imatha kuyaka (Kalasi B2L), kotero chitetezo ndiye mfundo yayikulu pakupanga, kukhazikitsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kuopsa kwa poizoni: Kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kungawononge kwambiri maso ndi ziwalo za anthu zopumira. Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kumatha kupha anthu.

Kuyaka: Pamene kuchuluka kwa mpweya mumlengalenga kufika pa 15% mpaka 28%, kumatha kuphulika ikakhudzana ndi lawi.

Njira zodzitetezera:

Kupatula chipinda cha makompyuta: Zipangizo zazikulu monga ma compressor ndi matanki osungiramo madzi ziyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda china cha makompyuta chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino.

Kuzindikira kutuluka kwa madzi ndi alamu: Zipangizo zodziwira kuchuluka kwa ammonia ziyenera kuyikidwa ndikulumikizidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya komanso opopera madzi mwadzidzidzi.

Zipangizo zodzitetezera: M'chipinda cha makompyuta, zipangizo zodzidzimutsa monga zophimba nkhope za gasi, magalasi a maso ndi zovala zodzitetezera ziyenera kuperekedwa.

Valavu yoteteza ndi yochepetsera kupanikizika: Mitsempha yotsekera kupanikizika iyenera kukhala ndi mavavu oteteza, ndipo mapaipi ochepetsera kupanikizika ayenera kulunjika kumalo otetezeka akunja.

Malamulo okhwima: Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake kayenera kutsatira miyezo yofunikira monga "Cold Storage Design Code" (GB50072) ndi "Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Ammonia Refrigeration System Installation" yoperekedwa ndi boma.

Kugwira ntchito mwaukadaulo: Ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi ziphaso zoyenera komanso kuphunzitsidwa zachitetezo nthawi zonse.

Main application fields

Makampani azakudya: Kuzimitsa ndi kuziziritsa nyama, nsomba zam'madzi, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba; kukonza mkaka; kupanga mowa.

Uinjiniya wa Mankhwala ndi Mankhwala: Kuziziritsa kwa njira, kutentha kochepa, kusungunuka kwa mpweya.

Malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu: Malo akuluakulu osungiramo zinthu zozizira, malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira kwambiri.

Malo ochitira masewera a ayezi ndi chipale chofewa: malo ochitira masewera a ayezi opangidwa ndi anthu, malo ochitira masewera a ski.

Zina: Choziziritsira mpweya chapakati (kuzizira m'dera), kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha asilikali, ndi zina zotero.

Zochitika Zachitukuko

Kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ammonia: Mwa kukonza bwino kapangidwe kake (monga kugwiritsa ntchito zosinthira kutentha kwa mbale) komanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma refrigerant monga carbon dioxide mu cascade system, kuchuluka kwa ammonia mu dongosololi kumachepa, zomwe zimakulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi malonda monga masitolo akuluakulu ndi masitolo ogulitsa zinthu zotsika mtengo.

Zodzichitira zokha ndi Luntha: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wa PLC ndi IoT kuti akwaniritse kuyang'anira patali, kuzindikira zolakwika, kuyang'anira bwino mphamvu, komanso kukonza zinthu molosera.

Kukonza bwino njira yolumikizira makina: Kulimbikitsa ma compressor opangidwa bwino komanso ukadaulo wobwezeretsa kutentha (kubwezeretsa kutentha kwa condensation kuti apange madzi otentha), kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera.

Miyezo yachitetezo ikupitirirabe kusintha: Malamulo ndi miyezo ikukulirakulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe otetezeka komanso odalirika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo.

Chidule

Dongosolo loziziritsira la ammonia ndiye maziko a mafakitale oziziritsira, omwe amapereka chithandizo ku unyolo waukulu wozizira komanso mafakitale oyambira omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zinthu zosamalira chilengedwe. Komabe, "kugwira ntchito bwino komanso zoopsa zimagwirizana" ndiye chizindikiro chake chodziwika bwino. Kukula kwa ukadaulo wamakono woziziritsira wa ammonia kukupita ku "chitetezo chachikulu, kusamala chilengedwe, komanso nzeru zambiri", ndipo makamaka dongosolo la ammonia/CO2 likukhala muyezo wodziwika bwino wagolide mumakampaniwa.