Chiyambi cha Zosinthira Kutentha Pamwamba Zokokedwa

Chiyambi cha Zosinthira Kutentha Pamwamba Zokokedwa

Chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha zosinthira kutentha pamwamba pa nthaka chimayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kupanga kwawo sikunali kopambana mwadzidzidzi koma kunali yankho ku zofooka za zosinthira kutentha zachikhalidwe pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zinazake.

Chiyambi Chachikulu: 1920 - 1930

Lingaliro ndi kapangidwe koyambirira ka zosinthira kutentha pamwamba pa nthaka zidapangidwa makamaka panthawiyi, zomwe zidayendetsedwa ndi makampani azakudya, makamaka popanga margarine ndi ayisikilimu.

1. Mavuto Oyenera Kuthetsedwa:

o Zipangizo Zokhuthala Kwambiri: Zipangizo monga batala, ayisikilimu wosakaniza, ndi jamu zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo sizimayenda bwino m'machubu achikhalidwe kapena m'ma plate heat exchangers, zomwe zimatsekeka mosavuta ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusamutsidwe bwino kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa Kusamvana: Kupanga makhiristo amafuta kapena makhiristo a ayezi m'zinthuzi kumafuna kulamulira bwino. Kuzizira kwambiri kapena kosagwirizana kungayambitse kapangidwe koyipa komanso kukoma koipa.

o Kuipitsa ndi Kuphika: Zipangizo zokhala ndi shuga kapena mapuloteni nthawi zambiri zimauma ndi kusungunuka pamalo otenthetsera, osati kungokhudza kusamutsa kutentha kokha komanso kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi kuvutika kuyeretsa zida.

2. Oyambitsa Ukadaulo:

o Limodzi mwa ma patent oyambirira kwambiri a zosinthira kutentha pamwamba pa nthaka zokokedwa likhoza kutsatiridwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930. Mwachitsanzo, cha m'ma 1928, mainjiniya ku Gerhard Company ku Germany (yomwe pambuyo pake inali gawo la APV Group) adapanga ntchito yoyambira ntchitoyi.

Munthu wina wofunika kwambiri anali CO (Charlie) Linn, yemwe adapanga chosinthira kutentha cha pamwamba chomwe chidapambana pamalonda cha gawo la Votator la Girdler Corporation ku United States (pafupifupi 1933-1935). Chipangizochi chinapangidwa poyamba kuti chizipangidwa mosalekeza ndi margarine. Dzina lakuti "Votator" linakhala lofanana ndi zosinthira kutentha za pamwamba zomwe zidachotsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mfundo Zatsopano Zogwirira Ntchito

Kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zosinthira kutentha pamwamba pa nthaka kakuthetsa mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa mwanzeru:

• Ntchito Yokoka: Mkati mwa silinda yosinthira kutentha, chozungulira chokhala ndi zokoka chimazungulira mofulumira kwambiri. Zokoka, motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal kapena masipu, zimamatira kwambiri pakhoma la silinda, ndikukoka filimu yamkati mwa khoma nthawi zonse.

• Ubwino Waukulu Unayi:

1. Kukonzanso Kosalekeza kwa Malo Osamutsira Kutentha: Kumaletsa kumamatira ndi kuipitsa zinthu, kusunga mphamvu yotumizira kutentha kwambiri.

2. Kusakaniza ndi Kumeta Nsalu Mofanana: Kumatsimikizira kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kwa zinthu zonse mofanana ndipo kumapereka mphamvu yochepetsera kumeta, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga makristalo (monga kupanga makristalo amafuta ndi kupanga makristalo a ayezi).

3. Kusamalira Kukhuthala Kwambiri: Kukanda ndi kukankhira kwa makina kumathandiza kuti igwire madzi okoma, ofewa, komanso osakaniza omwe osinthira kutentha achikhalidwe sangathe kugwira.

4. Nthawi Yochepa Kwambiri Yokhala: Zipangizozi zimadutsa mu chosinthira kutentha mu filimu yopyapyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha komanso zimapangitsa kuti kukoma, mtundu, ndi zakudya za chinthucho zisungidwe bwino.

Chitukuko ndi Kutchuka

• 1940 - 1950: Pamene mafakitale azakudya anayamba kufulumira nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanayambe komanso itatha, zinthu zosinthira kutentha pamwamba zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'mafakitale a mkaka, jamu, ndi msuzi. Kuzizira kosalekeza kwa ayisikilimu kunali ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri.

• Zaka za m'ma 1960 mpaka pano: Magawo awo ogwiritsidwa ntchito afalikira kuchokera ku mafakitale azakudya kupita ku mafakitale a mankhwala, mankhwala, mafuta, ndi mapulasitiki a polima. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi ovuta monga kusungunuka kwa polima, parafini, phula, zodzoladzola, ndi mankhwala.

• Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo: Zipangizo zamakono zosinthira kutentha pamwamba zapita patsogolo kwambiri pa zipangizo (monga kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zolimba zosatha komanso zosagwira dzimbiri), ukadaulo wotseka, kuwongolera zokha (kuwongolera kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi liwiro molondola), komanso kapangidwe kake ka modular.

Chidule

Chiyambi cha chosinthira kutentha cha scraper chikhoza kupezeka bwino m'zaka za m'ma 1920 ndi 1930. Chinapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira pakukonzekera kutentha kosalekeza, kuzizira, kusakaniza makristalo ndi kuyeretsa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri m'makampani azakudya. Kupangidwa kwake kunali kofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya zida zamafakitale, kukulitsa ntchito yosavuta ya "kusinthana kutentha" kukhala ntchito yophatikizana ya "kusinthana kutentha ndi kukonza makina". Mpaka pano, chikugwirabe ntchito yosasinthika m'magawo ambiri amafakitale.