CHIDULE CHA AKULUAKULU
Makampani opanga chakudya masiku ano ali ngati mabizinesi ena opanga osati kungoyang'ana kwambiri kudalirika ndi khalidwe la zida zopangira chakudya komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe ogulitsa zida zopangira chakudya angapereke. Kupatula njira zogwirira ntchito bwino zomwe timapereka, titha kukhala ogwirizana kuyambira pachiyambi kapena gawo loyamba la polojekiti mpaka gawo lomaliza loyambitsa, osaiwala ntchito yofunika kwambiri pambuyo pa msika.
Shiputec ili ndi zaka zoposa 20 zokumana nazo mumakampani opanga zakudya ndi kulongedza.
CHIYAMBI CHA Ukadaulo Wathu
Masomphenya ndi Kudzipereka
Gawo la Shiputec limapanga, kupanga, ndikugulitsa njira zopangira uinjiniya ndi zodziyimira pawokha kumakampani opanga mkaka, chakudya, zakumwa, zam'madzi, mankhwala ndi chisamaliro chaumwini kudzera mu ntchito zake zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Tadzipereka kuthandiza makasitomala athu padziko lonse lapansi kuti akonze magwiridwe antchito ndi phindu la fakitale yawo yopanga ndi njira zawo zopangira. Timakwaniritsa izi popereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mayankho kuyambira pazinthu zopangidwa ndi akatswiri mpaka kupanga mafakitale athunthu opangira zinthu zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi ukatswiri wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi wogwiritsa ntchito komanso wopanga zinthu.
Tikupitiriza kuthandiza makasitomala athu kuti azichita bwino komanso kuti apindule ndi fakitale yawo nthawi yonse yomwe imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mautumiki othandizira omwe amagwirizana ndi zosowa zawo kudzera mu netiweki yogwirizana yautumiki wa makasitomala ndi zida zina.
KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO NTCHITO KWA MAKASITOMALA
Shiputec imapanga, imapanga ndikuyika mizere yamakono, yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yodalirika yopangira chakudya. Pakupanga zinthu zamafuta monga margarine, batala, zosakaniza ndi zofupikitsa, Shiputec imapereka mayankho omwe amaphatikizapo mizere yopangira zinthu za chakudya zopangidwa ndi emulsified monga mayonesi, sosi ndi zosakaniza.
Kupanga Margarine
Margarine ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo zimakhala ndi gawo la madzi ndi gawo la mafuta ndipo motero zimatha kufotokozedwa ngati ma emulsions a madzi mu mafuta (W/O) momwe gawo la madzi limafalikira bwino ngati madontho mu gawo la mafuta lopitirira. Kutengera ndi momwe mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kapangidwe ka gawo la mafuta ndi njira yopangira zimasankhidwa moyenerera.
Kupatula zida zopangira makristalo, malo opangira ma margarine ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matanki osiyanasiyana osungira mafuta komanso emulsifier, gawo la madzi ndi kukonzekera emulsion; kukula ndi chiwerengero cha matanki zimawerengedwa kutengera mphamvu ya chomera ndi zinthu zomwe zilimo. Malo opangirawa alinso ndi chipangizo chosungiramo zinthu zosakaniza ndi malo osungunulira. Chifukwa chake, njira yopangirayi ingagawidwe m'njira zotsatirazi (chonde onani chithunzi 1):
KUKONZEKERA KWA GAWO LA MADZI NDI GAWO LA MAFUTA (DERA 1)
Madzi nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa m'thanki ya madzi. Madziwo ayenera kukhala abwino kumwa. Ngati madzi abwino kumwa sangatsimikizidwe, madziwo akhoza kukonzedwa kale pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga UV kapena fyuluta.
Kupatula madzi, gawo la madzi lingakhale ndi mchere kapena brine, mapuloteni a mkaka (margarine wa patebulo ndi ma spreads otsika mafuta), shuga (puff pastry), zokhazikika (ma spreads otsika mafuta ndi otsika), zosungira ndi zokometsera zosungunuka m'madzi.
Zosakaniza zazikulu mu gawo la mafuta, kuphatikiza mafuta, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kusakaniza kwa mafuta ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana. Kuti margarine ikhale ndi makhalidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe mukufuna, chiŵerengero cha mafuta ndi mafuta mu kusakaniza mafuta ndicho chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa chinthu chomaliza.
Mafuta ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana, kaya monga mafuta osakaniza kapena mafuta amodzi, amasungidwa m'matanki osungira mafuta omwe nthawi zambiri amaikidwa kunja kwa malo opangira mafuta. Izi zimasungidwa kutentha kokhazikika pamwamba pa malo osungunuka a mafuta komanso pansi pa kugwedezeka kuti mafuta asagawikane komanso kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta.
Kupatula kusakaniza mafuta, gawo la mafuta nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zosakaniza zazing'ono zosungunuka mafuta monga emulsifier, lecithin, kukoma, mtundu ndi ma antioxidants. Zosakaniza zazing'onozi zimasungunuka mu kusakaniza mafuta madzi asanawonjezedwe, motero njira yopangira emulsification isanayambe.
KUKONZEKERA KWA EMULSION (CHIGAWO 2)
Chithunzi 1:
1. Kukonzekera gawo la madzi ndi gawo la mafuta (gawo 1),
2. Kukonzekera kwa emulsion (gawo lachiwiri),
3. Kukonza tchire kukhala ndi mabakiteriya (gawo lachitatu),
4. Malo ozizira, opangika ndi okanda (gawo lachinayi),
5. Kulongedza ndi kusungunula (gawo 5)
Emulsion imakonzedwa mwa kusamutsa mafuta osiyanasiyana ndi mafuta kapena zosakaniza zamafuta ku thanki ya emulsion. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta osungunuka kwambiri kapena zosakaniza zamafuta zimawonjezeredwa kaye kutsatiridwa ndi mafuta osungunuka otsika ndi mafuta amadzimadzi. Kuti amalize kukonzekera gawo lamafuta, emulsifier ndi zosakaniza zina zazing'ono zosungunuka ndi mafuta zimawonjezeredwa ku gulu lamafuta. Zosakaniza zonse za gawo lamafuta zikasakanizidwa bwino, gawo lamadzi limawonjezeredwa ndipo gulu lamafuta limapangidwa mosakanikirana mwamphamvu koma molamulidwa.
Makina osiyanasiyana angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana za emulsion zomwe ziwiri zimagwira ntchito motsatira dongosolo:
- Dongosolo la mita yoyendera madzi
- Dongosolo la thanki yoyezera
Dongosolo lokhazikika la emulsification ndi njira yosakondedwa kwenikweni koma yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mwachitsanzo mizere yodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri komwe kuli malo ochepa a matanki a emulsion. Dongosololi likugwiritsa ntchito mapampu oyezera ndi ma flow meter kuti liwongolere chiŵerengero cha magawo owonjezeredwa mu thanki yaying'ono ya emulsion.
Machitidwe omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa onse amatha kuyendetsedwa okha. Komabe, zomera zina zakale zimakhala ndi machitidwe okonzekera emulsion olamulidwa ndi manja koma awa ndi ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo sakulangizidwa kuyika lero chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima otsatira.
Dongosolo la flow meter limachokera ku kukonzekera kwa emulsion mwa njira ya batch momwe magawo ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa ndi ma flow meter akuluakulu akamasamutsidwa kuchokera ku matanki osiyanasiyana okonzekera magawo kupita ku thanki ya emulsion. Kulondola kwa dongosololi ndi +/-0.3%. Dongosololi limadziwika ndi kusamva kwake ku zinthu zakunja monga kugwedezeka ndi dothi.
Dongosolo la thanki yoyezera lili ngati dongosolo loyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi lomwe limachokera ku kukonzekera kwa emulsion. Apa kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza ndi magawo amawonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku thanki ya emulsion yomwe imayikidwa pama cell onyamula katundu omwe amawongolera kuchuluka komwe kumawonjezeredwa ku thanki.
Kawirikawiri, makina okhala ndi matanki awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera emulsion kuti athe kuyendetsa mzere wopangira makristalo mosalekeza. Thanki iliyonse imagwira ntchito ngati thanki yokonzekera ndi yosungira (thanki ya emulsion), motero mzere wopangira makristalo udzaperekedwa kuchokera ku thanki imodzi pomwe gulu latsopano lidzakonzedwa mu lina ndipo mosemphanitsa. Izi zimatchedwa dongosolo la flip-flop.
Yankho lomwe emulsion imakonzedwa mu thanki imodzi ndipo ikakonzeka kusamutsidwira ku thanki yosungiramo zinthu kuchokera komwe mzere wa crystallization umaperekedwa ndi njira inanso. Dongosololi limatchedwa premix/buffer system.
KUPATSA MIDZI (CHIGAWO 3)
Kuchokera mu thanki ya buffer, emulsion nthawi zambiri imapopedwa mosalekeza kudzera mu plate heat exchanger (PHE) kapena low pressure scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE), kapena high pressure SSHE kuti ipangitse kuti pasteurization isalowe mu crystallization line.
Pazinthu zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, PHE imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pazinthu zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa pomwe emulsion ikuyembekezeka kuwonetsa kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso pa emulsions zomveka bwino kutentha (monga emulsions zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri) dongosolo la SPX ngati yankho lotsika mphamvu kapena SPX-PLUS ngati yankho lokwera mphamvu limalimbikitsidwa.
Njira yopasteurizing ili ndi ubwino wambiri. Imaonetsetsa kuti mabakiteriya akule bwino komanso kukula kwa tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, motero kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta emulsion. Kupasteurizing pa gawo la madzi kokha ndizotheka, koma kupasteurizing pa emulsion yonse ndikwabwino chifukwa njira yopasteurizing ya emulsion idzachepetsa nthawi yokhalamo kuyambira pa chinthu chopasteurizing mpaka kudzaza kapena kulongedza chinthu chomaliza. Komanso, chinthucho chimakonzedwa munjira yokhazikika kuyambira pasteurizing mpaka kudzaza kapena kulongedza chinthu chomaliza ndipo kupasteurizing kwa chinthu chilichonse chokonzanso kumatsimikiziridwa pamene emulsion yonse yapasteurizing.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupatsirana kwa emulsion yonse kumatsimikizira kuti emulsion imaperekedwa ku mzere wa crystallization pa kutentha kosasintha kuti ikwaniritse magawo okhazikika ogwiritsira ntchito, kutentha kwa chinthucho ndi kapangidwe ka chinthucho. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa emulsion yopangidwa kale yopangidwa kale yoperekedwa ku zida zopangira crystallization kumapewedwa pamene emulsion yapatsirana bwino ndikuperekedwa ku pampu yothamanga kwambiri pa kutentha kwa 5-10°C kuposa malo osungunuka a gawo la mafuta.
Njira yodziwika bwino yopangira pasteurization pambuyo pokonza emulsion pa 45-55°C imaphatikizapo kutentha ndi kusunga emulsion pa 75-85°C kwa masekondi 16. Kenako njira yozizira imayikidwa kutentha kwa 45-55°C. Kutentha komaliza kumadalira kutentha kwa gawo la mafuta: kutentha kukakhala kwakukulu, kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu.
KUZIZIRA, KUKULA MKIRISTALI NDI KUKANDA (ZOMWE ZINA)
Emulsion imapopedwa ku mzere wopangira makristalo pogwiritsa ntchito pampu ya piston yothamanga kwambiri (HPP). Mzere wopangira makristalo opangira ma margarine ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nawo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi SSHE yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imaziziritsidwa ndi ammonia kapena Freon type cooling media. Makina ozungulira ma pin ndi/kapena ma crystallizer apakatikati nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mu mzerewu kuti awonjezere mphamvu yowonjezera yokanda ndi nthawi yopanga zinthu zapulasitiki. Chubu chopumulira ndiye gawo lomaliza la mzere wopangira makristalo ndipo limaphatikizidwa pokhapokha ngati chinthucho chapakidwa.
Mtima wa mzere wa crystallization ndi SSHE yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe emulsion yofunda imaziziritsidwa kwambiri ndikupangidwa kukhala crystallized pamwamba pa chubu choziziritsira. Emulsion imachotsedwa bwino ndi zokanda zozungulira, motero emulsion imazizira ndikukanda nthawi imodzi. Mafuta omwe ali mu emulsion akapangidwa kukhala crystallized, makristalo amafuta amapanga netiweki yamitundu itatu yomwe imakola madontho amadzi ndi mafuta amadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale ndi mawonekedwe a pulasitiki olimba pang'ono.
Kutengera mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chikupangidwa ndi mtundu wa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho, kasinthidwe ka mzere wopangira makristalo (monga dongosolo la machubu ozizira ndi makina ozungulira ma pin) kakhoza kusinthidwa kuti kapereke kakonzedwe kabwino kwambiri ka chinthucho.
Popeza mzere wopangira makristalo nthawi zambiri umapanga zinthu zingapo zamafuta, SSHE nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo awiri kapena kuposerapo ozizira kapena machubu ozizira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za mzere wopangira makristalo wosinthasintha. Popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafuta opangidwa ndi makristalo amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta, kusinthasintha kumafunika chifukwa mawonekedwe a makristalo a zosakanizazo amatha kusiyana kuchokera ku kusakaniza kwina kupita kwina.
Njira yopangira makristalo, momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a margarine womaliza ndi zinthu zofalikira. Popanga mzere wopangira makristalo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mawonekedwe a zinthu zomwe zikukonzekera kupangidwa pamzerewu. Kuti muteteze ndalama zomwe zikugulitsidwa mtsogolo, kusinthasintha kwa mzerewu komanso magawo ogwiritsira ntchito owongolera payekhapayekha ndikofunikira, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zomwe mukufuna kusintha imatha kusintha pakapita nthawi komanso zinthu zopangira.
Kuchuluka kwa chingwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malo ozizira omwe alipo a SSHE. Makina osiyanasiyana a kukula amapezeka kuyambira mizere yotsika mpaka yokwera. Komanso pali madigiri osiyanasiyana osinthasintha kuyambira zida za chubu chimodzi mpaka mizere yambiri ya chubu, motero mizere yosinthira yosinthasintha kwambiri.
Pambuyo poti chinthucho chazizira mu SSHE, chimalowa mu makina ozungulira pin ndi/kapena ma crystallizer apakati momwe chimakanda kwa nthawi inayake komanso mwamphamvu kuti chithandizire kukwezedwa kwa netiweki ya magawo atatu, yomwe pamlingo waukulu ndi kapangidwe ka pulasitiki. Ngati chinthucho chikuyenera kugawidwa ngati chinthu chokulungidwa, chidzalowanso mu SSHE chisanakhazikike mu chubu chopumulira chisanakulungidwe. Ngati chinthucho chadzazidwa m'makapu, palibe chubu chopumulira chomwe chimaphatikizidwa mu mzere wa crystallization.
Kulongedza, Kudzaza ndi Kuchotsa Zinthu (Zone 5)
Makina osiyanasiyana opakira ndi kudzaza alipo pamsika ndipo sadzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Komabe, kusinthasintha kwa chinthucho kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ngati chapangidwa kuti chipakedwe kapena kudzazidwa. N'zoonekeratu kuti chinthu chopakidwa chiyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba kuposa chinthu chodzazidwa ndipo ngati mawonekedwe awa sali abwino kwambiri, chinthucho chidzasinthidwa kupita ku makina osungunula, kusungunuka ndikuwonjezeredwa ku thanki yosungiramo zinthu kuti chikonzedwenso. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zosungunula koma njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi PHE kapena low pressure SSHE.
KUCHITA ZOKHA
Margarine, monga zakudya zina, amapezeka m'mafakitale ambiri masiku ano opangidwa motsatira njira zokhwima zotsatirira. Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimaphimba zosakaniza, kupanga ndi chinthu chomaliza sizimangopangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chotetezeka komanso kuti chakudya chikhale chokhazikika. Zofunikira pakutsatirira zitha kukhazikitsidwa mu dongosolo lowongolera la fakitale ndipo dongosolo lowongolera la Shiputec lapangidwa kuti liwongolere, kulemba ndikulemba zinthu zofunika komanso magawo okhudzana ndi njira yonse yopangira.
Dongosolo lowongolera lili ndi chitetezo cha mawu achinsinsi ndipo lili ndi mbiri yakale yolemba deta ya magawo onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mzere wopangira margarine kuyambira pa chidziwitso cha maphikidwe mpaka kuwunika komaliza kwa chinthucho. Kulemba deta kumaphatikizapo mphamvu ndi kutulutsa kwa pampu yothamanga kwambiri (kupanikizika kwa l/ola ndi kumbuyo), kutentha kwa chinthucho (kuphatikiza njira yopangira pasteurization) panthawi yopangira makristalo, kutentha kozizira (kapena kupsinjika kwa media yozizira) kwa SSHE, liwiro la makina a SSHE ndi pin rotor komanso magalimoto ambiri omwe akuyendetsa pampu yothamanga kwambiri, makina a SSHE ndi pin rotor.
Dongosolo lowongolera
Pa nthawi yokonza, ma alarm adzatumizidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati magawo ogwiritsira ntchito chinthucho ndi opitirira malire; izi zimayikidwa mu chosinthira maphikidwe musanapange. Ma alarm awa ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi manja ndipo zochita ziyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi njira. Ma alarm onse amasungidwa mu dongosolo lakale la alarm kuti awonedwe mtsogolo. Pamene chinthucho chichoka pamzere wopangira mu mawonekedwe oyenera kapena odzazidwa, chimakhala chosiyana ndi dzina la chinthucho lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi tsiku, nthawi ndi nambala yodziwira batch kuti litsatidwe mtsogolo. Mbiri yonse ya njira zonse zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga imasungidwa kuti iteteze wopanga ndi wogwiritsa ntchito womaliza, wogula.
CIP
Malo oyeretsera a CIP (CIP = kuyeretsa komwe kulipo) ndi gawo la malo amakono opangira majarini popeza malo opangira majarini ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse. Pazinthu zachikhalidwe za majarini kamodzi pa sabata ndi nthawi yoyeretsera yachizolowezi. Komabe, pazinthu zovuta monga mafuta ochepa (madzi ambiri) ndi/kapena zinthu zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, nthawi yochepa pakati pa CIP ndi yofunikira.
Mwachidule, njira ziwiri za CIP zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mafakitale a CIP omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chotsukira kamodzi kokha kapena mafakitale a CIP omwe amalimbikitsidwa omwe amagwira ntchito kudzera mu yankho la buffer la chotsukira pomwe zotsukira monga lye, asidi ndi/kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo zimabwezedwa ku matanki osungira a CIP mutagwiritsa ntchito. Njira yomalizayi ndi yabwino chifukwa imayimira yankho loteteza chilengedwe ndipo ndi yankho lotsika mtengo pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito zotsukira ndipo motero mtengo wake ndi izi.
Ngati mizere ingapo yopangira yayikidwa mu fakitale imodzi, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa njira zoyeretsera zofanana kapena makina a satellite a CIP. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yoyeretsera ichepe kwambiri komanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Magawo a njira ya CIP amawongoleredwa okha ndikulembedwa kuti apeze zotsatira zina mu dongosolo lowongolera.
NDEMANGA ZOTSIRIZA
Popanga margarine ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti si zokhazo zomwe zimatsimikizira ubwino wa chinthu chomaliza komanso kapangidwe ka chomera, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi momwe chomeracho chilili. Ngati mzere kapena zida sizikusamalidwa bwino, pali chiopsezo choti mzerewo sukugwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupange zinthu zabwino kwambiri, chomera chogwira ntchito bwino ndichofunika koma kusankha mafuta osakaniza ndi mawonekedwe omwe akugwirizana ndi momwe chinthucho chigwiritsidwira ntchito ndikofunikira komanso kukonza koyenera komanso kusankha magawo ogwiritsira ntchito chomeracho. Chomaliza koma chofunika kwambiri, chinthu chomaliza chiyenera kukonzedwa kutentha malinga ndi momwe chomeracho chigwiritsidwira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-21-2026