Chiyambi cha Njira Yopangira Batala

Chiyambi cha Njira Yopangira Batala

Mzere wopanga batala ndi njira yodziyimira yokha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakina, mankhwala, ndi sayansi ya chakudya, cholinga chake ndi kusintha mkaka wosaphika bwino komanso mwaukhondo kukhala batala wogulitsidwa.

Tipereka chiyambi chatsatanetsatane kuchokera mbali ziwiri: kayendedwe ka njira yopangira ndi zida zapakati.

I. Njira Yopangira Batala

Batala kwenikweni ndi mafuta a mkaka. Cholinga chachikulu cha njira yopangira mafuta ndikugawa ma globules a mafuta mu kirimu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mafuta asonkhane pamodzi ndikusiyana ndi madzi (buttermilk). Kupanga mafakitale amakono kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yopitilira yopangira, ndipo njira iyi ndi iyi:

1. Kukonza zinthu zopangira ndi kirimu

• Kulandira ndi kuyang'aniridwa mkaka wosaphika: Mkaka watsopano wogulidwa umayamba wayang'aniridwa mosamala, kuphatikizapo mafuta, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, asidi, zotsalira za maantibayotiki, ndi zina zotero.

• Kuyeretsa ndi kulekanitsa mkaka: Mkaka umadutsa mu centrifugal milk purifier kuti uchotse zinyalala, kenako umalowa mu cream separator. Cream separator imazungulira mofulumira kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti ilekanitse mkaka wonse wamafuta kukhala mkaka wosaphwanyidwa mafuta ndi cream wopepuka. Mafuta a kirimu wopepuka nthawi zambiri amakhala 35%-40%.

• Kupaka mafuta odzola: Kirimu wopepuka wolekanitsidwa umapopedwa mu chosinthira kutentha cha mbale kuti upaka mafuta odzola (nthawi zambiri pa 85-95°C kwa masekondi angapo). Gawoli cholinga chake ndi kupha mabakiteriya onse opatsirana komanso mabakiteriya ambiri owonongeka, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zili bwino komanso kuti zisungidwe nthawi yayitali.

• Kuchotsa fungo loipa mu vacuum (ngati mukufuna): Kuti apange batala wokhala ndi kukoma koyera, kirimu wopepuka nthawi zina umadutsa mu thanki ya vacuum, komwe fungo lina la chakudya kapena kukoma kwina kosafunikira kumachotsedwa pakachepa mphamvu.

• Kuphika (kwa batala wophika):

Ngati mukupanga batala wokhuthala (kukoma kofala ku Europe): Kirimu wopepuka wopakidwa mafuta amaziziritsidwa kutentha kwa kukhuthala (pafupifupi 20°C), kenako amabayidwa mu choyambitsa cha mabakiteriya a lactic acid (monga Lactococcus lactis). Amawiritsidwa m'malo olamulidwa kwa maola angapo, ndikupanga zinthu monga diacetyl, zomwe zimapatsa batala fungo lake lapadera komanso kukoma kowawasa.

Ngati mukupanga batala wotsekemera: Gawo ili silinatchulidwe.

2. Kukhwima ndi kukhwima kwa thupi

Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakupanga batala.

• Kuziziritsa ndi kukhwima thupi: Kirimu wopepuka wophikidwa mu uvuni kapena wosaphikidwa umaziziritsidwa mofulumira mpaka 4-8°C ndipo umasungidwa kutentha kumeneku kwa maola angapo. Njirayi imatchedwa "kukhwima thupi". Kutentha kochepa kumapangitsa kuti ma triglycerides ena mu mafuta a mkaka apangike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ofewa, zomwe zimawakonzekeretsa kuti asungunuke.

• Kusakaniza kosalekeza: Kirimu wokhwima amapopedwa mosalekeza mu chipangizo chachikulu - makina opangira batala mosalekeza.

o Gawo loyamba: Kusakaniza ndi kupanga tinthu ta mafuta: Pa gawo lakutsogolo la makina opangira, gulu la zida zozungulira mofulumira kwambiri zimasuntha kirimu mwamphamvu, kuswa nembanemba ya mafuta ndikupangitsa mafuta kusonkhana kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mafuta.

o Gawo lachiwiri: Kutulutsa ndi kulekanitsa: Kusakaniza kwa tinthu ta mafuta ndi mkaka wamadzimadzi kumatumizidwa ku gawo lotulutsira. Kudzera mu sefa kapena kutulutsa kozungulira, mkaka wambiri umatulutsidwa. Mkaka wotulutsira umatha kubwezeretsedwanso.

3. Kukanikiza, kupanga mawonekedwe, ndi kulongedza

• Kukanikiza: Tinthu tamafuta tomwe timalekanitsidwa ndi buttermilk timatumizidwa ku gawo lokanikiza la makina opangira. Chonyamulira chozungulira kapena gulu la ma rollers ogwirizana amakanda mobwerezabwereza ndikufinya tinthu tamafuta.

Cholinga 1: Sinthani kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu batala kuti chigawike mofanana mu mafuta.

Cholinga chachiwiri: Kuwononga ma globules otsala a mafuta kuti mafutawo azitha kusungunuka bwino, ndikupanga mawonekedwe osalala komanso ofanana.

Cholinga 3: Pa gawo ili, mchere (wopangira batala wothira mchere), utoto (monga beta-carotene), kapena mavitamini akhoza kuwonjezeredwa malinga ndi zofunikira za mankhwala.

• Kupanga ndi kudula: Batala wophwanyidwa amakhala mzere wopitilira komanso wopindika. Umatumizidwa ku makina opangira mawonekedwe, komwe umatulutsidwa m'mawonekedwe enaake (monga mabuloko, ndodo), ndikudulidwa kulemera komwe mukufuna ndi mpeni wachitsulo wothamanga kwambiri. • Kupaka: Zidutswa za batala wodulidwa zimapakidwa ndi makina opangira okha pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo za aluminiyamu, pepala lopaka, kapena filimu yapulasitiki kuti apewe kuipitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa. Kenako batala wopakidwayo amayikidwa m'bokosi lakunja.

4. Malo Osungira Zinthu mu Firiji

Batala wopakidwayo amatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo ku malo ozizira osungiramo zinthu (nthawi zambiri kuyambira -18°C mpaka 4°C, kutengera mtundu wa chinthucho ndi nthawi yomwe chimafunikira pashelefu), akudikirira kuti agulitsidwe akatuluka mufakitale.

II. Zipangizo Zapakati za Mzere Wopangira Batala

Mzere wokwanira wopangira batala wodzipangira wokha umakhala ndi zida zotsatirazi:

1. Cholekanitsa Kirimu: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa kirimu ndi mkaka.

2. Chosinthira kutentha kwa mbale: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka batala ndi njira zina zoziziritsira ndi kutentha.

3. Tanki Yowiritsa (ngati mukufuna): Yokhala ndi makina owongolera kutentha ndi osakaniza, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga batala wowiritsa.

4. Thanki Yokonzera: Yokhala ndi chotetezera kutentha cha zigawo ziwiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa ndi kukhwima kwa batala.

5. Makina Opangira Batala Wosalekeza: Pakati pa mzere wopangira. Amaphatikiza kukwapula, kusakaniza mkaka, kukanikiza, ndi zokometsera. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ikuphatikizapo SPX FLOW (pansi pa Gerstenberg Schröder) ndi GEA, ndi zina zotero.

6. Njira Yobwezeretsanso Mkaka: Imasonkhanitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wolekanitsidwa.

7. Makina Opangira ndi Kudula: Amaumba ndi kudula batala.

8. Makina Opangira Zinthu Okha: Amamaliza kulongedza zinthu zonse.

9. Njira Yoyeretsera CIP M'malo mwake: Yofunika kwambiri. Imagwira ntchito yoyeretsa yokha ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mapaipi, matanki, ndi zida zina kuti chakudya chikhale chaukhondo komanso chotetezeka.

10. Dongosolo Lowongolera la PLC: Chipinda chowongolera chapakati. Chimayang'anira ndikusintha magawo (kutentha, kuthamanga, kuyenda, liwiro, ndi zina zotero) a njira yonse yopangira kudzera pa sikirini yokhudza kompyuta. Chidule cha nkhaniyi:

Mzere wamakono wopanga batala ndi njira yopangira batala yokhazikika, yotsekedwa komanso yoyera. Imasintha mkaka wosaphika bwino kukhala zinthu zokhazikika, zotetezeka komanso zaukhondo mwa kuwongolera bwino momwe zinthu zilili komanso zamoyo. Kuyambira kusakaniza mkaka wamatabwa wachikhalidwe mpaka kupanga mkaka kosalekeza masiku ano, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwawonjezera kwambiri phindu, ubwino ndi kusinthasintha kwa batala.